To learn more about Mercury, the European BepiColombo mission launched two probes in 2018: MPO (Mercury Planetary Orbiter) and Mio (Mercury Magnetospheric Orbiter, previously called MMO), which will arrive in orbit around Mercury at the end of 2025.
MPO's objectives are to perform the complete mapping of Mercury and to study its composition and internal structure. Concerning Mio, its mission is to analyze the planet's magnetic field and magnetosphere.
The data collected will provide a better understanding of the formation and evolution of the "inner" planets.
The MPO probe is developed by ESA (European Space Agency), while Mio is under the responsibility of JAXA (Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency). CNES is overseeing the French instrumental contribution to BepiColombo on behalf of eight French laboratories (IAS, IPGP, IRAP, LAM, LATMOS, LESIA, LPC2E and LPP), which contributed to the design of six of the 16 instruments of the mission.